# Domain Basics Card: naam, number aur kiraya

> Domain name kya hota hai, kaise padhte hain, aur kharidne ki sach baat

Free guide by bloopcommits (@bloopcommits) · https://bloopcommits.pages.dev/domain/

Phone mein tum Papa ka naam dabate ho, number nahi. Website ke saath bhi yahi hota hai. Is card mein seedhi bhaasha mein hai: domain name kya hota hai, uske peeche ka number kya hai, domain ko right se left kaise padhte hain, ise "kharidna" kyun nahi kehte, aur student ho to kya dekhna chahiye. Saare facts MDN ke "What is a domain name?" page aur GitHub Student Developer Pack ke page se liye gaye hain. Jahan meri salah hai, wahan saaf likha hai ki ye advice hai, rule nahi.

## Domain name kya hota hai

MDN ke hisaab se domain name internet par maujood kisi bhi web server ka insaani padhne layak pata (human-readable address) hota hai. Server ka asli pata ek IP address, yaani ek number hota hai. Computer ke liye number aasaan hai, par MDN ke shabdon mein IP addresses yaad rakhna mushkil hai aur wo time ke saath badal bhi sakte hain. Isliye insaanon ke liye naam diya gaya.

| Shabd | Seedhi bhaasha mein |
| --- | --- |
| Domain name | Web server ka insaani naam. Jaise phone mein contact ka naam. |
| IP address | Server ka asli pata, ek number. Yaad rakhna mushkil, aur badal sakta hai. |
| TLD | Domain ka sabse aakhri hissa (jaise .com), jo right side par hota hai. |
| Naam wala hissa | TLD ke theek pehle wala hissa. MDN ise Secondary Level Domain bhi kehta hai. |
| DNS server | Wo server jiska kaam computer ko batana hai ki kaunse domain name ka IP address kaunsa hai. |

## Phonebook wala example

Contact ka naam dabate ho, aur phone peeche se number khud laga leta hai. Domain name bhi isi tarah kaam karta hai: tum naam likhte ho, aur peeche ke number tak pahunchne ka kaam computers khud kar lete hain. Neeche ek banaya hua example hai, asli koi website ya number nahi.

|  | Phone ka contact | Website |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Naam (tum yaad rakhte ho) | Papa | meri-dukaan + .com (banaya hua naam) |
| Number (computer use karta hai) | 555-0142 (banaya hua number) | 203.0.113.25 (banaya hua number) |

## Domain ko right se left padho

MDN ke mutabik domain name kai hisson se bana ho sakta hai (ek, do, teen ya zyada), jo dot se alag hote hain, aur use right se left padha jaata hai. Banaya hua example: meri-dukaan.com.

1. Sabse right wala hissa pehle padho: .com. Ye TLD hai. MDN ke hisaab se TLD users ko batata hai ki service ka aam maksad kya hai.
2. Phir uske left wala naam padho: meri-dukaan. Ye TLD ke theek pehle wala hissa hai (MDN: Secondary Level Domain).
3. Agar aur hisse hon, to isi tarah left ki taraf badhte jao.

> **Yaad rakhne ki trick**
>
> - Phonebook: naam tum yaad rakho, number computer.
> - Domain: right se left, pehle ending, phir naam.

## Domain kharidte nahi, kiraye pe lete ho

MDN saaf kehta hai: aap "domain name kharid" nahi sakte. Aap ek ya zyada saal ke liye us domain name ko use karne ka haq dene ke paise dete ho. Aap apna haq renew kar sakte ho, aur aapki renewal ko doosron ki application se pehle maana jaata hai. Lekin aap domain name ke maalik kabhi nahi bante. "Kiraye pe lena" hamara (channel ka) example hai, taaki baat samajh aaye; MDN ke shabd upar wale hain.

- Haq ek ya zyada saal ke liye milta hai.
- Renew kar sakte ho, aur renewal ko doosron ki application se pehle maana jaata hai.
- Maalik tum kabhi nahi hote, sirf use karne ka haq tumhara hota hai.

> **Dhyan rakho**
>
> - Renew karne par bhi naam tumhara nahi hota, sirf use ka haq tumhara hota hai.
> - Price aur renewal ki shartein registrar ke page par dekho, MDN ka page koi price nahi batata.

## Domain milta kaise hai (MDN ke steps)

1. Kisi registrar ki website par jao.
2. Wahan aam taur par "Get a domain name" jaisa bada button hota hai. Us par click karo.
3. Form mein saari zaroori jaankari bharo. Khaas dhyan rakho ki jo naam chahiye uski spelling galat na ho.
4. Registrar tumhe batayega ki domain name theek se register ho gaya. MDN ke hisaab se kuch ghanton ke andar saare DNS servers tak tumhari DNS jaankari pahunch jaati hai.

## Student ho to

GitHub Student Developer Pack ke official page par free domain offers listed hain, jaise ek saal ka domain registration offer. Offers badalte rehte hain, aur kis offer mein kya shamil hai ye sirf official page par dekho. Is card mein koi registrar ka naam ya wada nahi diya gaya, kyunki offer ki details page par hi sahi milti hain.

- Pehle official Student Pack page kholkar dekho ki abhi koi domain offer listed hai ya nahi.
- Offer ki shartein (kitne saal, kis ending ke saath, kya shamil hai) wahin padho.
- Offer ke baad renew karna ho to registrar ke page par renewal ki shartein pehle dekh lo.

## Common galtiyan

- Ye sochna ki domain kharid kar maalik ban gaye. MDN: maalik kabhi nahi bante, sirf use ka haq milta hai.
- Spelling dobara na dekhna. MDN ke steps mein khaas kaha gaya hai ki naam ki spelling galat na ho.
- IP address ko hamesha ka pata maan lena. MDN: IP address time ke saath badal sakta hai, isliye naam use hota hai.
- Renew ka dhyan na rakhna. Haq sirf ek ya zyada saal ka hota hai.

## Mini checklist

- Naam ki spelling do baar padh li (meri salah: naam chhota aur bolne mein aasaan rakho).
- Pata hai ki ye ek ya zyada saal ka haq hai, maalikana nahi.
- Renewal kab aur kitne mein hogi, registrar ke page par dekh liya.
- Student ho to Student Pack page par offer ki shartein padh li.

## Official links

- [MDN: What is a domain name?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_domain_name)
- [GitHub Student Developer Pack](https://education.github.com/pack)

---
More free guides: https://bloopcommits.pages.dev/